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- THE LCM OF TWO INTEGERS
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-
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- DEFINITION: The LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
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- (or LCM) of two integers, A and B, is
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- a positive integer M satisfying:
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- i) A divides M and B divides M.
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- ii) if M' is any other integer
- such that A divides M' and B
- divides M', then M' is also
- divisible by M.
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- REMARK: The LCM of two positive
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- integers exists.
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- PROOF: The set of all positive
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- integers N such that A divides N,
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- and B divides N is not empty. (WHY?)
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- It is bounded below by 0. Therefore,
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- it must have a least element. We have
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- used the fact that the positive
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- integers are WELL ORDERED again.
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- If you couldn't answer the WHY? above,
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- set N=AB. Prove that both A and B
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- always divide AB.
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- THEOREM: Let A and B be two positive
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- integers, and let G be their GCD.
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- Then the LCM, M, of A and B is given
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- by
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- M = AB/G.
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- OUTLINE OF THE PROOF: First show that
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- A divides M and B divides M. ( This is
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- pretty easy. Use the fact that A/G
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- and B/G are integers.)
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- Then show that if M' is divisible by
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- both A and B, it must be divisible by
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- AB/G. That will show that AB/G is the
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- LCM of A and B. (HINT: write AB/G as
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- (A)(B/G) and use the following
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- result.)
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- LEMMA: If A, B, and C are positive
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- integers, such that A divides C and
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- B divides C, and if (A,B)=1, then
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- AB divides C.
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- PROOF OF LEMMA: Since (A,B)=1, there
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- exist integers D and E such that
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- (1) AD + BE = 1.
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- Then multiplying the above equation
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- by C,
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- (2) CAD + CBE = C.
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- Since A and B divide C, there exist
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- integers K and L such that
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- (3) C = KA and C = LB.
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- Substituting these values for C in the
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- left-hand side of equation (2),
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- (4) LBAD + KABE = C
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- Factoring AB from both terms on the
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- left,
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- (5) AB(LD + KE) = C.
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- Thus AB divides C.
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- REMARK: Notice that the fact that the
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- GCD of A and B being equal to 1 is
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- really necessary. As an example,
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- 12 is divisible by 4 and 6, but 12 is
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- NOT divisible by (4)(6) = 24.
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